This includes engineering activities related to the definition and development of products. These are activities encompassing R&D, design, and definition of products such as automobiles, aircraft, trains, etc., until the production drafts are fully defined. This includes, for example, the conceptualisation of the design, engineering, or sizing details and the validation of structural stress. 

This includes all activities associated with the fabrication of the product, from its definition in models or designs, until it leaves the assembly line. Process planning, tooling design, mounting bracket, digital production, balancing oflines, and simulation are examples.

This includes all activities carried out after the product has been manufactured or sold. For example, integrated logistics support, development of technical manuals, maintenance, and product certification.